Objective Kafka is a potential messaging and integration platform for Spark Streaming. It acts as the central hub for real-time streams of data, which are processed in Spark Streaming using complex algorithms. Once the data is processed, Spark Streaming either publishes the results into another Kafka topic or stores them in…

Objective A stream of data is nothing but a continuous inflow of data, for example, a live video or Amazon’s log data. There is no discrete start or end to this stream as it keeps flowing forever. Since this stream is continuous, it is also usually high-volume data, which means the…

Various Sqoop operations Problem Statement Apache Sqoop, which is short for ‘SQL to Hadoop’, is used for ingesting relational data. Essentially, it connects an RDBMS, such as MySQL and Oracle, to the HDFS and provides efficient, bidirectional data transfer between them in parallel, as shown in the image given below. Data can…

Q1. What is accuracy? Answer: Accuracy is the number of correct predictions out of all predictions made. Accuracy = (True Positives+True Negatives)/Total Number of Predictions Q2. Why is accuracy not a good measure for classification problems? Answer: Accuracy is not a good measure for classification problems because it gives equal…

Q1. What is the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE)? Answer: The MLE chooses those sets of unknown parameters (estimator) that maximize the likelihood function. The method to find the MLE is to use calculus and setting the derivative of the logistic function with respect to an unknown parameter to zero, and…

Q1. What is a logistic function? What is the range of values of a logistic function? Answer: The logistic function is as defined below: f(z)=1/(1+e−z) The values of a logistic function will range from 0 to 1. The values of Z will vary from −∞ to +∞. Q2. Why is…

Question 1: Explain the linear regression algorithm in detail. Answer: Linear Regression is a machine learning algorithm which is based on supervised learning category. It finds a best linear-fit relationship on any given data, between independent (Target) and dependent (Predictor) variables. In other words, it creates the best straight-line fitting…